Abstract

Review Article

Diagnosis of Asthma in Childhood Age

Ibrahim A Ali*, Elia Adil Nabih and Ahmed MS Eltohami

Published: 13 September, 2018 | Volume 2 - Issue 1 | Pages: 008-012

Background: Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disorder in childhood. Asthmatic attacks are described and classified according to the type of wheezing to Non –atopic and Atopic asthma (IgE mediated wheezing). The aim of this review is to determine the onset of clinical diagnosis in relation to clinical presentation of asthma in children and obstacles related to delay of Asthma diagnosis.

Methods: This review highlights the results of studies done regarding clinical diagnosis in relation to clinical presentation and of asthma in children. An extensive search has been conducted for researches about asthma in children. This search based on the publications posted on the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed or by Google Scholar. Key words used for the research: Asthma, clinical diagnosis, children.

Results and Conclusion: Diagnosing asthma in young children is difficult because children often cough and wheeze with colds and chest infections, but this is not necessarily asthma. Miss diagnosis of asthma in children occurs when physicians diagnose patients with asthma from the clinical diagnosis in the first attack without excluding other asthma mimickers which can be any other respiratory problem. There is over-diagnosis of asthma due to the symptoms which mimic other respiratory infections. First episodes of cough, runny nose and fever that happen in cold/flu season- fall/winter/early spring is likely not asthma. If the child has several more episodes of wheeze and cough, it is likely to be asthma. Since there is no diagnostic test available for children younger than 6 years of age, making a diagnosis in this age group is more difficult than in older children. Over the age of about 6 years it is possible for a child to have a spirometer test

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.aaai.1001012 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

References

  1. Yunginger JW, Reed CE, O'Connell EJ, Melton LJ 3rd, O'Fallon WM, et al. A community-based study of the epidemiology of asthma. Incidence rates, 1964-1983. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146: 888-894. Ref.: https://goo.gl/or9xTB
  2. Morgan WJ1, Stern DA, Sherrill DL, Guerra S, Holberg CJ, et al. Outcome of asthma and wheezing in the first 6 years of life: follow-up through adolescence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005; 172: 1253-1258. Ref.: https://goo.gl/GSNmHW
  3. Hahn DL. Does most asthma really begin during the preschool years? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006; 173: 575-576. Ref.: https://goo.gl/RrV859
  4. Dodge RR, Burrows B. The prevalence and incidence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in a general population sample. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980; 122: 567-575. Ref.: https://goo.gl/bsmXz4
  5. Blair H. Natural history of childhood asthma. 20-year follow up. Arch Dis Child. 1977; 52: 613-619. Ref.: https://goo.gl/E1qpv3
  6. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Eur Respir J. 1998; 12: 315-335. Ref.: https://goo.gl/QHyH5B
  7. Lowe L1, Murray CS, Custovic A, Simpson BM, Kissen PM, et al. Specific airway resistance in 3-year-old children: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2002; 359: 1904-1908. Ref.: https://goo.gl/5Lxws9
  8. Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Matthews S, Arshad SH. Does environment mediate earlier onset of the persistent childhood asthma phenotype? Pediatrics. 2004; 113: 345-350. Ref.: https://goo.gl/3ZdJ33
  9. Sears MR1, Greene JM, Willan AR, Wiecek EM, Taylor DR, et al. A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed to adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349: 1414-1422. Ref.: https://goo.gl/6L4wBS
  10. Childhood Asthma Management Program Research Group, Szefler S, Weiss S, Tonascia J, Adkinson NF, et al. Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 1054-1063. Ref.: https://goo.gl/yqHvTb
  11. Horak F Jr, Matthews S, Ihorst G, Arshad SH, Frischer T, et al. Effect of mite impermeable mattress encasings and an educational package on the development of allergies in a multinational randomized, controlled birth-cohort study -- 24 months results of the Study of Prevention of Allergy in Children in Europe. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004; 34: 1220-1225. Ref.: https://goo.gl/aMNdMd
  12. Brunekreef B1, Smit J, de Jongste J, Neijens H, Gerritsen J, et al. The prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort study: design and first results. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2002; 13 Suppl 15: 55-60. Ref.: https://goo.gl/RZgoxg
  13. Fasce L, Tosca MA, Silvestri M, Olcese R, Pistorio A, et al. "Early" cat ownership and the risk of sensitization and allergic rhinitis in Ligurian children with respiratory symptoms. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005; 94: 561-565. Ref.: https://goo.gl/bQ9enw
  14. Lau S1, Illi S, Platts-Mills TA, Riposo D, Nickel R, et al. Longitudinal study on the relationship between cat allergen and endotoxin exposure sensitization, cat-specific IgG and development of asthma in childhood--report of the German Multicentre Allergy Study (MAS 90). Allergy. 2005; 60: 766-773. Ref.: https://goo.gl/DEgqTk
  15. Kramer MS, Kakuma R. Maternal dietary antigen avoidance during pregnancy or lactation, or both, for preventing or treating atopic disease in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; 3: CD000133. Ref.: https://goo.gl/zwbHHA
  16. Baker SS, Cochran WJ, Greer FR, Heyman MB, Jacobson MF, et al. Hypoallergenic infant formulas. Pediatrics. 2000; 106: 346-349. Ref.: https://goo.gl/bm5sZh
  17. Høst A, Koletzko B, Dreborg S, Muraro A, Wahn U, et al. Dietary products used in infants for treatment and prevention of food allergy. Joint Statement of the European Society for Paediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) Committee on Hypoallergenic Formulas and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. Arch Dis Child. 1999; 81: 80-84. Ref.: https://goo.gl/FqHB4G
  18. Ruokonen M, Kaila M, Haataja R, Korppi M, Paassilta M, Allergic rhinitis in school-aged children with asthma - still under-diagnosed and undertreated? A retrospective study in a children's hospital. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010; 1Pt 2: 149–154. Ref.: https://goo.gl/nKx2mr
  19. Elia Adil Nabih, Ibrahim A Al. Clinical Diagnosis of Asthma in Children. Int J Sci Res (IJSR). 2018; 7: 1648-1654. Ref.: https://goo.gl/GuADS1

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

  • Crime Scene Examination of Murder Case
    Subhash Chandra*, Pradeep KR, Jitendra P Kait, SK Gupta and Deepa Verma Subhash Chandra*,Pradeep KR,Jitendra P Kait,SK Gupta,Deepa Verma. Crime Scene Examination of Murder Case. J Forensic Sci Res. 2024: doi: 10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001071; 8: 108-110
  • Beta-1 Receptor (β1) in the Heart Specific Indicate to Stereoselectivity
    Rezk Rezk Ayyad*, Ahmed Mohamed Mansour, Ahmed Mohamed Nejm, Yasser Abdel Allem Hassan, Norhan Hassan Gabr and Ahmed Rezk Ayyad Rezk Rezk Ayyad*, Ahmed Mohamed Mansour, Ahmed Mohamed Nejm, Yasser Abdel Allem Hassan, Norhan Hassan Gabr, Ahmed Rezk Ayyad. Beta-1 Receptor (β1) in the Heart Specific Indicate to Stereoselectivity. Arch Pharm Pharma Sci. 2024: doi: 10.29328/journal.apps.1001060; 8: 082-088
  • Pattern of LRR in Endometrial Cancer and Identification of Predictive Factors
    Alia Mousli, Mohamed Aziz Cherif*, Marouen Benna, Ameni Yousfi, Semia Zaraa, Rim Abidi and Chiraz Nasr Alia Mousli, Mohamed Aziz Cherif*, Marouen Benna, Ameni Yousfi, Semia Zaraa, Rim Abidi, Chiraz Nasr. Pattern of LRR in Endometrial Cancer and Identification of Predictive Factors. Clin J Obstet Gynecol. 2024: doi: 10.29328/journal.cjog.1001169; 7: 078-083
  • Effect of Azithromycin on Lung Function and Pulmonary Exacerbations in Children with Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
    Castaños Claudio*, Salin Maximiliano Felix, Pereyra Carla Luciana, Aguerre Veronica, Lucero Maria Belen, Bauer Gabriela, Zylbersztajn Brenda, Leviled Leonor and Gonzalez Pena Hebe Castaños Claudio*, Salin Maximiliano Felix, Pereyra Carla Luciana, Aguerre Veronica, Lucero Maria Belen, Bauer Gabriela, Zylbersztajn Brenda, Leviled Leonor, Gonzalez Pena Hebe. Effect of Azithromycin on Lung Function and Pulmonary Exacerbations in Children with Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. J Pulmonol Respir Res. 2024: doi: 10.29328/journal.jprr.1001052; 8: 009-014
  • Pituitary gland metastasis from breast cancer: case report
    Mohamed Almadhoni and Mohamed Ali Baggas* Mohamed Almadhoni,Mohamed Ali Baggas*. Pituitary gland metastasis from breast cancer: case report. Arch Cancer Sci Ther. 2022: doi: 10.29328/journal.acst.1001025; 6: 001-003

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?